This region offers an authentic glimpse into the untamed beauty of Mongolia, presenting a raw and genuine experience for visitors. In this guide, you’ll discover everything you need to know about visiting the Tsaatan, the legendary reindeer herders of Mongolia.
Introduction to the Tsaatan
With a population of around 300, the Tsaatan are a distinct ethnic group dedicated to a nomadic lifestyle centered around reindeer. These animals provide essential resources—including dairy and transportation—allowing the Tsaatan to maintain a life of mobility in their ancestral lands.
While the Tsaatan once belonged to the Tuvan people of Siberia, they settled in Mongolia during World War II to escape military conscription. Over decades, a few hundred families embraced their new home, adopting the name “Tsaatan,” which translates to “reindeer” in Mongolian.
The Tsaatan continue to uphold their traditional nomadic lifestyle, migrating 10 to 15 times each year based on the needs of their herds. Unlike their Siberian counterparts such as the Nenets and the Chukchi, the Tsaatan’s location is relatively more accessible, making it a hidden gem in Mongolia.
Where Do the Tsaatan Reside?
The Tsaatan inhabit the taiga, a sprawling boreal forest primarily found in northern Mongolia and parts of Russia. This ecosystem is characterized by dense woodlands, wetlands, and permafrost, offering a stark contrast to Mongolia’s vast steppe.
The nearest significant settlement, Tsagaannuur, serves as a gateway to this remote region, requiring extensive travel from major urban centers.
Traveling to the Tsaatan Nomadic Camp
Reaching the Tsaatan camp requires a multi-step journey from Ulaanbaatar (UB), involving several modes of transportation.
Map: How to Access the Tsaatan Region
Step 1: Ulaanbaatar to Mörön (Day 1)
Mörön, the principal city of Khovsgol province, acts as the main entry point to the taiga. It’s possible to travel by direct bus, although the 15-hour journey can be demanding yet full of scenic joy.
Alternatively, flights are available through MIAT Mongolian Airlines and Hunnu Air, albeit on a limited schedule.
Step 2: Mörön to Tsagaannuur (Day 2)
Your next leg leads from Mörön to Tsagaannuur, approximately 300 km away. Expect a full day of bumpy roads, lasting around 10 hours. The stunning landscapes make it worthwhile, and travelers can also opt for a taxi to expedite the journey.
Step 3: Tsagaannuur to the Taiga (Day 3)
After arriving in Tsagaannuur, you’ll need to organize transportation into the taiga. This typically involves a two-hour drive followed by a six-hour horseback journey. Engaging a local guide is essential for navigating this part of Mongolia, and be mindful that border permits are required due to the proximity to Russia.
Optimal Times for Visiting
Summer months, specifically June to September, provide the best conditions for visiting the Tsaatan. Expect mild weather and vibrant landscapes. While summer is peak tourism season across Mongolia, winters can be harsh, offering a breathtaking but challenging experience.
- June 23rd to July 3rd, 2026
- July 4th to 14th, 2026
Life in the Tsaatan Nomadic Camp
Reindeer herding in Mongolia is an ancient tradition practiced by the Dukha people, who rely on their domesticated reindeer for transportation. (Shutterstock)
As true nomads, the Tsaatan migrate up to 15 times per year, maintaining a lifestyle steeped in tradition. The government in Mongolia supports the preservation of their way of life by offering stipends to help cover basic needs.
Visitors can expect an unfiltered experience of life in the taiga, from daily chores to interactions with the reindeer. The cone-shaped tents they reside in are distinctive, designed for ease of mobility as they move frequently.
Sustenance
Prior to heading into the taiga, it is advisable to gather all necessary provisions. Local supermarkets in Mörön provide ample opportunities for stocking supplies. If part of an organized tour, food arrangements are typically covered.
Accommodation
Staying in a Tsaatan tent is an option for visitors who make prior arrangements. While basic amenities provided, it’s wise to bring along a robust sleeping bag for added comfort.
Facilities
Expect minimal facilities in the camp with limited access to restrooms and showers. Some camps have makeshift toilets, but it may be more comfortable to find a secluded spot in the landscape.
Interacting with the Tsaatan
Language can be a barrier, as the Tsaatan primarily communicate in Mongolian. They lead daily lives focused on their reindeer, but they are often open to engaging with respectful visitors.
Activities in the Taiga
Your time spent with the Tsaatan will revolve around observing and lending a hand in daily tasks. Enjoy the tranquil evenings where you can join in friendly games or simply appreciate the stunning surroundings.
Internet Access
While mobile service is nonexistent in the taiga, many nomads now use Starlink to maintain connectivity for about an hour each day.
Recommended Duration of Stay
A visit to the Tsaatan camp typically warrants one or two full days to experience the lifestyle of the reindeer herders, alongside the necessary travel time to and from the region, culminating in journeys of about 10 to 12 days from Ulaanbaatar.
Essential Packing Recommendations
The following items will ensure a comfortable and prepared visit to the Tsaatan and are suitable for any journey throughout Mongolia.
- Sturdy Hiking Boots
- Comfortable Footwear for Camp
- Windbreaker and Rain Jacket
- Thermal Underwear
- Sun Protection Hat and Sunglasses
- Warm Clothing, including a Down Jacket
- Sunscreen
- Lip Balm
- Hand Sanitizer
- Water Bottle
- Thermos
- Essential Toiletries
- Power Bank and Extra Batteries
- Sleeping Bag Suitable for Cold Weather
- Small Backpack for Day Trips
- Snacks (Optional)
